---
name: Predictive back
slug: predictive-back
category: motion
status: published
created: 2026-08-21T00:00:00.000Z
modified: 2026-08-21T00:00:00.000Z
definition: A back gesture that reveals the destination underneath while the
  finger is still down, so the swipe can be finished or abandoned once the
  reader has seen where it goes.
aliases:
  - name: predictive back gesture
    source: android
  - name: back preview
    source: android
  - name: predictive back animation
    source: material
  - name: back-to-home animation
    source: android
tags:
  - navigation
  - platform-registers
  - touch
relations:
  contrastWith:
    - interactive-transition
  variantOf: []
  partOf: []
  seeAlso:
    - edge-swipe
    - page-transition
implementations:
  - system: material
    name: Predictive back
    url: https://github.com/material-components/material-components-android/blob/master/docs/foundations/PredictiveBack.md
sources:
  - title: "Android Developers: predictive back design"
    url: https://developer.android.com/design/ui/mobile/guides/patterns/predictive-back
  - title: "Material Components Android: PredictiveBack"
    url: https://github.com/material-components/material-components-android/blob/master/docs/foundations/PredictiveBack.md
demo: inline
exhibit: false
useWhen: a back swipe should show its destination before it commits
---

Going back used to be a bet. You swiped, the screen changed, and only then did you find out whether
back meant the previous article, the top of the list, or all the way out to the home screen. Android
13 turned that into a preview: while the finger is still down, the current screen shrinks and slides
aside and the destination is drawn behind it, so the decision is made after seeing the answer rather
than before. Let go past the commit point and the navigation happens; let go short of it and the
screen springs back with nothing having changed. The word Google uses for the state in between is
progress, a number from nought to one that the gesture reports continuously and the animation is
driven by.

It is easy to run this together with the two gestures either side of it.
An [edge swipe](/edge-swipe) is the gesture that starts it, and it is defined purely by where the
first contact lands: a stroke that begins in the band the system has reserved belongs to the system,
and one that begins further in belongs to the page. Predictive back is what gets drawn once that
stroke is under way, which is why one is a rule about origin and the other is a rule about feedback.
[Swipe to dismiss](/swipe-to-dismiss) looks the same in the hand and means something else entirely:
it removes the thing being swiped, so what is underneath is simply whatever was already there.
Predictive back removes nothing. It travels to a place, and the thing revealed is somewhere the
reader has already been.

Mechanically it is an [exit animation](/exit-animation) with its playhead handed to the finger. The
gesture supplies progress and the swipe edge, the app maps that progress onto the outgoing screen's
transform, and a release resolves it in one of two directions. That second half is where a
[spring animation](/spring-animation) earns its keep, because the return leg starts from whatever
velocity and position the finger left behind rather than from a standing start, and a fixed duration
tween will visibly disagree with the hand that just let go. The whole thing also has to be
interruptible in both directions: a reader who pulls halfway, pushes back, and pulls again is doing
something completely ordinary, and an animation that can only play forwards will fight them.

Two practical consequences follow. The first is that a preview has to be renderable before it is
committed to, which is a real constraint on how a back stack is built: something has to be able to
draw the previous screen while the current one is still alive, whether that is a live view, a cached
one, or a snapshot. The second is that partial progress is a first-class state rather than a
transitional one. A screen can sit at forty per cent peeled for as long as a thumb rests there, so
every value in between has to look deliberate, and anything that only reads correctly at nought and
one hundred per cent will be caught out. The same rule applies to any web implementation of swipe to
go back, where the temptation to fire a fixed [page transition](/page-transition) on release, with no
preview at all, is exactly the blind bet this pattern was invented to end.